Anne De Groot is a nationally recognized expert in epitope-driven vaccines and has been working on TB, HIV (AIDS), HPV (Cervical Cancer) and more recently, smallpox and tularemia vaccines. She has emphasized the development of vaccines that are globally relevant and affordable to the persons at greatest risk of disease. She devotes 80% of her effort to directing the scientific affairs of EpiVax, a biotech company located in Providence, where she is CEO and Chief Scientific Officer.

Biography

Anne S. De Groot, M.D.
(Annie)

Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Adjunct), Brown University School of Medicine
Former Director, TB/HIV Research Lab (Brown University)
Director, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island (I'Cubed)
Founder, CEO & President, EpiVax, Inc.


Dr. De Groot earned degrees from Smith College (BA, 1978) and the Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago (MD, 1983). She was trained in internal medicine at New England Medical Center (1986), and then went on to complete additional training in immunoinformatics and vaccine research under Jay Berzofsky at the NIH (1989). Following her fellowship at the NIH, she returned to NEMC for clinical training in infectious disease (1991). She was board certified in Internal Medicine in 1986 and in Infectious Disease in 1992. In 1992, she joined the faculty of the Brown University Medical School, where she opened the TB/HIV Research Laboratory. She designed the EpiMatrix algorithm at Brown University with the assistance of Gabe Meister, Bill Jesdale and Bill Martin. With Bill, she founded EpiVax in 1998 and licensed the EpiMatrix technology. She has been the CEO/CSO and President of EpiVax since 1998.

At EpiVax, Dr. De Groot supervises the science and business strategies at EpiVax. She spends one per week on academic pursuits at Brown University, where she is Associate Professor of Medicine and Community Health and at University of Rhode Island where she teaches vaccinology to undergraduate students (Spring Semester) and provides clinical care to patients at the Rhode Island TB clinic one afternoon per week. She founded and edited IDCR (1998-2008) and is founder and Scientific Director of the GAIA Vaccine Foundation (501c3, 2002). In addition to her active research on vaccines, she is a pioneer in the field of deimmunisation (of protein therapeutics). She and Bill Martin developed the DeFT approach to reengineering protein pharmaceuticals in 2002 and discovered "Epi-13" also known as "Tregitope", new molecules with potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, in 2007.

De Groot has received more than $26M in uninterrupted federal funding for her research activities through multiple NIH (K08, R21, R01, SBIR) and foundation grants since 1989. She was the recipient of a National Foundation for Infectious Diseases-Eli Lilly Award, two Rhode Island Foundation awards and a Commercial Innovation Award (from the Rhode Island Center for Cellular Medicine). In 2003 she was recognized by Women and Infants Hospital as "Woman of the Year in Science". She was recognized as one of the "Best and the Brightest" in Science and Technology by Esquire Magazine (2003) for her work on the GAIA HIV vaccine. In 2006 she was named "Doctor of the Year" by the Rhode Island Medical Women's Association. In 2007 she received the Al Fisher "Red Ribbon Award" for her AIDS work in West Africa, from AIDS Project Rhode Island. She has published more than 100 articles and chapters describing the development of epitope-driven vaccines and the application of immunoinformatics tools.

She nourished a productive laboratory (the TB/HIV Research Laboratory) at Brown before shifting her primary effort from Brown to EpiVax in 2006. As CEO of EpiVax, she successfully established client relationships with Amgen, Eli Lilly, Wyeth, Pfizer, Roche, Abbott and a range of smaller biotech companies. In 2009 she was awarded a $13M grant from the NIH to set up a new institute at the University of Rhode Island, where she is now Professor (Research). As of May 2011 she resigned from Brown University Medical School and now runs an NIH-funded Institute for Immunology and Informatics at the University of Rhode Island. Information on the iCubed can be found at http://www.immunome.org

Research Description

Anne (Annie) S. De Groot, M.D., CEO & CSO, EpiVax, Inc.
Associate Professor of Medicine, Brown University (Adjunct as of Fall 2005)

De Groot earned degrees from Smith College (BA, 1978) and the Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago (MD, 1983). She was trained in internal medicine at Tufts New England Medical Center (1986), and then went on to complete additional training in immunoinformatics and vaccine research under Jay Berzofsky at the National Institutes of Health (1989). Following her fellowship at the NIH, she returned to Tufts NEMC for clinical training in infectious disease (1991). She became board certified in Internal Medicine in 1986 and in Infectious Disease in 1992.

In 1992, she joined the faculty of the Brown University Medical School, where she opened the TB/HIV Research Laboratory. De Groot licensed the EpiMatrix vaccine design technology from her laboratory at Brown and established EpiVax, a bioinformatics and vaccine design company in 1998.

She teaches undergraduate students vaccinology at Brown University and the University of Rhode Island, and provides clinical care to patients at the Rhode Island TB clinic and a free clinic in Providence. She was founder and Co-Chief editor of Infectious Diseases in Corrections report (an on-line electronic journal, established 1998 and closed in 2008) and founder and Scientific Director of the GAIA Vaccine Foundation (501c3, 2002, currently actively doing vaccine research in Mali, West Africa).

De Groot has received uninterrupted federal funding for her research activities through multiple NIH (K08, R21, R01, SBIR) and foundation grants since 1989. She has published more than 70 articles and chapters describing the development of epitope-driven vaccines and the application of immunoinformatics tools. Her most notable achievement is the establishment of the Institute for Immununology and Informatics (see links) where she directs a $13M U19 program for the development of vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biodefense.

In addition to her active research on vaccines for HIV, TB, Tularemia, Smallpox and EBV, she is a pioneer in the field of deimmunizing protein therapeutics. She was the recipient of a National Foundation for Infectious Diseases-Eli Lilly Award, two Rhode Island Foundation awards and a Commercial Innovation Award (from the Rhode Island Center for Cellular Medicine). Her work on Tregitopes was identified as an "Innovation of the Year" in 2010 by the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.

Awards

1983 Kraft Nutrition Fellow: Research on newborn nutrition in Zaire and South Africa

1991 National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) Eli Lilly Award for TB immunology research 1991-1992

2002 Woman in Science of the Year, Women and Infants Hospital Auxiliary Committee

2003 Esquire "Best and the Brightest 2003" (Science and Industry)

2006 Doctor of the Year, Rhode Island Medical Women's Association

2007 Red Ribbon Award, AIDS Project Rhode Island

2008 Woman of Achievement, Healthcare, YWCA, Rhode Island

2009 Lifetime Achievement Award, Providence Business News

2010 One of the "Top Doctors" selected by RI Monthly

Affiliations

Editor

Founder and Chief Editor Infectious Diseases in Corrections Report (IDCR) 7/98-7/2008
Editor, AIDS Reader; Guest Editor (Prison series) 2000-2008
Guest Editor, Rhode Island Journal of Medicine (Clinical Trials series) Dec. 2000
Editor, Emerging Infectious Diseases 2001-present
Invited Editor for issue of Methods (Academic Press) 2004
Co-editor (with L. Moise) of Vaccination issue for Medicine and Health Rhode Island Oct. 2007
Editorial Board, Immunomics Reviews 2004-present

Hospital Committees

Quality Assurance, Lemuel Shattuck Hospital 1991-1992

University Committees

People's Health Colloquium, Working group on the 1992-1993
Social and Community Contexts of Health Care;
Brown University School of Medicine
Foreign Research Fellowship Committee, Brown U. Medical School 1996-1997
Fogarty ARTP, International Health Institute, Senior Executive Committee 1996-1998
URI Center for Biotechnology and Life Sciences Development Committee 2008-2009

Other Committees

Expert Panel, Health Status of Soon-to-be-released Inmates Project 1999
National Commission on Correctional Health Care
Advisory Panel, World Health Organization TB Programme 1998-2000
National AIDS Minority Council (NMAC) Prison Advisory Panel 2000-2004
HRSA Advisory Panel on Medical Case Management and 2002
Support Services to Individuals with HIV Disease
Being Released from Federal or State Prisons
Vice President, Immunomics Society 2003-present
Rhode Island Technology Council BioGroup Steering Committee 2004- present
Advisor to Public Health Watch HIV/AIDS Project, Open Society Institute
Assessment of the United States response to its domestic HIV/AIDS epidemic 2005-2006
UN Millennium Village Project Medical Advisor (Peter Hotez, Sonia Sachs) 2006-present
Friends of the Clinic (Free Clinical Care in Rhode Island)/Clinica Esperanza) July '07-present
Entrepreneurship "Hot Team" Providence Chamber of Commerce Summer 2008
Co-Leader (with Barrett Bready) of Mayor Cicilline's Biotech Jewelry District Initiative 2007-2009
Smith College Fulfill the Potential Project 2008-present

Board Membership

Rhode Island Free Clinic Medical Advisory Board 2004-2007
Clinica Esperanza/Hope Clinic Medical Advisory Board 2007-present
International Vaccine Society Executive Board 2009- present

Membership in Societies

Massachusetts Medical Society current
Massachusetts Infectious Diseases Society previous
Rhode Island Medical Society current
Rhode Island Medical Women's Association current
Wayland Collegium (Brown University) current
International Immunomics Society current
International Vaccine Society current
American Association of HIV Medicine current

Funded Research

Grants: Principal Investigator (National Institutes for Health (NIH) and Foundation grants for research)

Recent Awards

1U19AI082642-01 PI: A. S. De Groot 04/01/2009 – 3/31/2014
NIH/NIAID
$12,934,373
Title: Translational Immunology Research and Accelerated [vaccine] Development (TRIAD)
The goal of this application is to promote the use of immunoinformatics tools to accelerate the design and development of vaccines for emerging infectious diseases and biowarfare agents.

7R01AI050528-04 PI: A. S. De Groot 09/21/07 – 10/1/2008
JUVENILE DIABETES RES. FOUNDATION INDUSTRY GRANT PROGRAM.
Title: ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC TOLERANCE INDUCTION (ASATI) FOR THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF T1D Direct Costs $351,000.
The goal of this project is to develop a treatment for juvenile diabetes, using GAD65 epitopes and Epi-13.

1R43DK081261-01 PI: A. S. De Groot
04/01/2008 – 3/31/2010 NIH/NIAID
Title: T1D Tolerance Induction with Natural Treg Epitopes
The major goal of this project is to develop therapeutic to treat and prevent Type 1 diabetes, using insulin and Tregitopes.

5R43AI058376-02 PI: A. S. De Groot
05/26/2005 - 05/31/2008 NIH/NIAID
Title: Novel Smallpox Vaccine Derived from VV/VAR Immunome
The goal of this project is to develop a novel and safer smallpox vaccine derived from immunogenic T cell epitopes conserved in both VV and Var proteomes.

5R43AI065036-02 PI: A. S. De Groot
05/26/2005 - 05/31/2008 NIH/NIAID
Title: A Genome-Derived, Epitope-Driven H. Pylori Vaccine
The goal of this project is to develop safe and effective H pylori vaccine derived from conserved immunogenic epitopes.

1R21NS054781-01A1 PI: A. S. De Groot
3/1/2007 - I/31/2009 NIH/NINDS
Title: Development of De-Immunized Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A for Dystonia
The goal of this project is to develop safe and effective De-immunized botulinum neurotoxin Type A for patients diagnosed with Dystonia.

1R43HL088834-01 PI: A. S. De Groot
5/01/2007 – 4/30/2009 NIH/NHLBI
Title: Epitope-driven deimmunization of Factor VIII
The goal of this project is to modify the constituent epitopes of FVIII so that it is a less immunogenic and more effective therapy.

1R43AI075830-01 PI: A. S. De Groot
9/01/2007 – 8/31/2009 NIH/NIAID
Title: Optimization of a Multivalent Tuberculosis Vaccine
The goal of this project is to develop safe and effective epitope based vaccine for TB.

2002-2007 Recent Active

05/01/02 – 04/30/05 Epitope Driven HIV Vaccine Development
PI De Groot
No-cost extension through May 2006, "supplemental funds" awarded $301,000 July 2006
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 1 R01 AI50528-01A1
Direct and Indirect, 3 years, $2,759,146 (+301,000 supplement 2005-2006)

05/01/04 – 05/01/05 GAIA Vaccine Project –Bamako, Mali West Africa
PI De Groot (Brown) / Koita (Faculte de Sciences et Technologies (FAST), Bamako Mali)
NIAID supplement Fogarty International Research Collaboration Award (FIRCA)
Total Direct and Indirect Costs: $96,000 Direct; $20,000 IDC.

03/01/04-03/01/05 Collaborative for Vaccine Research and Design (CVRD)
PI De Groot (Brown)
Office of the Vice President of Research, Brown University
Research seed Funding ($75,000).

05/01/03 – 08/01/03 GAIA Vaccine Project –Bamako, Mali West Africa
PI Marcon (Brown) / Koita (FAST, Bamako Mali)
Campbell Foundation (to A. De Groot at GAIA Vaccine Foundation)
Total Direct and Indirect Costs: $75,000.

07/01/01 - 12/30/01 Diagnostic Reagents for Emerging Infectious Diseases
NIH/NIAID: SBIR Phase I to EpiVax
TB/HIV Research Laboratory of Brown University (TBHRL) Total Direct Costs: $40,000; Indirect Costs: $22,000 (total grant $100,000)
PI: De Groot (Brown University) (Formerly PI at EpiVax; current PI at EpiVax is Bill Martin)

12/30/01 - 08/30/02 Epitope-driven HPV Vaccine Targeting Dendritic Cells
PI: De Groot (Brown University) (PI at EpiVax is Bill Martin)
NIH/National Cancer Institute (NCI): SBIR Phase I to EpiVax
TBHRL Total Direct Costs: $67,382; Indirect Costs: $32,708 (total grant to TBHRL $100,090)

3/1/00 - 03/1/03 Bringing Epitope Driven Vaccines into Phase I Trials
Sequella Global TB Foundation SGTBF Core Scientist Award
PI: De Groot (EpiVax)
Total Direct Costs: $900,000 to EpiVax
TBHRL Subcontract: Total Direct Costs: $300,000 (expected/3 years); Indirect $150,000.

Previous Grants (Chronological)

7/0/97 - 06/30/02 HIV Evolution and Cellular Immune Response
NIH: R01 AI 40888
Total Direct Costs: $899,249; Indirect Costs: $283,029.
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

03/01/99 - 04/30/03. Immunoregulatory Defects in Hemophelia
NIH: R01 HL 042257
Year Two Total Direct Costs: $13,416; Indirect Costs: $8,049
PI: John Sullivan, University of Massachusetts at Worcester, De Groot, subcontractor (Brown University)

01/01/92 - 06/30/92. Reactivation Tuberculosis in HIV Infection
NIH: K08 AI 01068.
Total Direct Costs: $68,000, Indirect Costs: $40,500.
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

07/01/92 - 06/ 30/94 Natural and predicted antigens for TB immunotherapy
NIH: R01 AI 35271
Total Direct Costs: Year 1 (continuation of K-08) Direct Costs: $174,813, Year 2 $171,904; Indirect Costs: Year 1, $40,366, Year 2 $43,676.
PI: De Groot (New England Medical Center and Brown University)

7/1/93 - 6/30/94 Heiser Program for Research in Leprosy and Tuberculosis
Heiser Foundation.
Total Direct Costs: $16,659; Indirect Costs: $3,332.
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

1/1/93 - 12/31/93 Rhode Island Foundation (title not available)
Rhode Island Foundation RIF 4238.
Total Direct Costs: $4,822 (no indirect costs).
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

1/1/94 - 12/31/94 Rhode Island Foundation (title not available)
Rhode Island Foundation RIF 3192
Total Direct Costs: $4,840 (no indirect costs).
Gabriel Meister PI, De Groot Co-investigator (Brown University)

10/01/95 - 09/30/99 TB peptide epitope project, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratories, The Gambia
NIH: R03 TW00552
Total Direct Costs: $68,000; Indirect Costs: $40,500.
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

9/01/95 - 7/01/95 Recognition of putative TB vaccine epitopes by sub Saharan Africans
NIH: R03 TW00552-03 S1USAID Supplement.
Total Direct Costs: $ 20,000; Indirect Costs: $0.
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

8/21/97 - 5/31/99 Sequencing the Mtb Genome; Supplement EpiMatrix analysis of Mtb Genome
NIH: R01 AI 40125
Total Direct Costs: $82,694; Indirect Costs: $41,381.
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

10/1/98 - 6/30/99 Epitope-based Vaccines and Therapeutics, accelerating design and delivery
Rhode Island Center for Cellular Medicine Phase I grant.
Total Direct Costs: to TBHRL: $75,000; Indirect Costs: $24,894
PI: De Groot, M. Gonzalez Co-investigator at TBHRL (Brown University)

0/1/99 - 03/1/00 Epitope-driven HIV vaccine targeting dendritic cells
NIH: SBIR Phase 1 R43 AI 46212. Subcontract to Brown.
Total Direct Costs: to TBHRL: $29,684; Indirect Costs: $16,920
PI: De Groot, Dr. M. Gonzalez Co-investigator at TBHRL (Brown University)

03/01/00 - 12/31/00. Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Pilot Project. Validation of candidate HIV vaccine T cell epitopes
NIH: CFAR Pilot Project
Total Direct Costs: $13,005. 30,000; Indirect Costs: 7,500
PI: De Groot, Dr. M. Gonzalez Co-investigator at TBHRL (Brown University)

10/01/99 - 09/30/01 A Cross-Clade Approach to HIV Vaccine Development
NIH: R21 AI 45416
Total Direct Costs: $446,047; Indirect Costs: $147,383
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

4/1/98 - 03/31/02 HIV-1/HIV-2 Epitope project, The Gambia, West Africa
NIH: R03 TW00973
Total Direct Costs: $70,569; Indirect Costs: $41,431.
PI: De Groot (Brown University)

Teaching Experience

Brown University Undergraduate Senior Honors Thesis, Primary Mentor

Jessica Stevens 1994 HIV/Women Epidemiology Res.
Kimberly Fisher 1994 HIV Immunology Res.
Caroline Roberts 1994 HIV/Vaccines Immunology
Brian Edelson 1995 TB/Vaccines Immunology
Howard Hughes Fellow
Tamar Renaud 1995 Prisons Epidemiology
Howard Hughes Fellow
Stephanie Gampper 1996 TB/HIV Epidemiology Research
Undergraduate Teaching and
Research Award
Lieschen Quiroz 1996 TB/Vaccines (Philippines)
Undergraduate Teaching and
Research Award
Michelle Ferdinand 1996 HIV Epidemiology Research
Neal Muni 1996 Biotech Applications
James Robert Schafer 1997 HIV vaccine research
Saihou Sabelleh HIV Res. Fellowship
Igor Brichkov 1998 TB vaccine research
Jean David Barnea 1998 HIV vaccine research (India)
Tony Breu 2000 TB vaccine research (summer )
Natasha Chinai 1998-2001 HIV vaccine research
India/ HIV2)
Summer Howard Hughes Fellow
Kara Chew 2000-2001 TB vaccine research
UTRA 2000
Brian Tuch 2000-2001 HIV evolution, UTRA 2000
Andrew Girvin 2000-2001 DNA vaccines, UTRA 2000
Ankanksha Mehta 2001-2002 DNA vaccines UTRA 2001
David Heller 2001-2002 HIV evolution, UTRA 2001
Basim Khan 2001-2002 Dendritic Cells UTRA 2001
Nicole Pattamanuch 2002-2003 Dendritic Cells/HPV
Rebecca Doctors 2002-2003 EBV epitopes/UTRA 2002, UTRA 2004
Shirley Chan 2003-2005 Testing a DNA based HPV vaccine. UTRA 2002,03
Sangeeta Tripathi 2003-2004 KAP related to Vaccines, Bamako, Mali
Delphine Huang 2004 MTCT in Bamako, Mali
Barbara Anton Internship Grant. (Pembroke Center)
Sara Kimball 2004-2005 EBV epitope mapping
Shuyi Zhang 2004-2005 Listeria-vectored vaccines
Jessica Beckerman 2004-2005 KAP related to Vaccines, Bamako, Mali (Royce)
Caitlin Cohen, Brendan Pelsue, Alexa Lafaunce KAP study in Bamako Markets
2005-2006 Bamako, Mali (Royce)
Erica Trauba, Rebecca Fox, Alexandra Dick. Oral History Project, Sikoro
2005-2006 Women's Group, Bamako Mali
Kathleen Bernard 2005-2006 Standard of Care in Prisons
Comparison to Community SOC
Providence (IDCR) 2006
Madeline DiLorenzo (Brown 2008) Smoke Fellowship
Five Finger Peer Ed Program
Bamako, Mali 2006
Bay Hudson (Harvard 2007) Five Finger Peer Ed Program
Bamako, Mali 2006
Erica Trauba, Hong Troung, Megan Billman, Fiona Heckscher HIV testing and Counseling
(Brown 2008) Bamako, Mali 2006
Jared Meshekow and Victoria Albina (BU, 2008) Electronic Medical Records
(Labtracker Project)
Sikoro Clinic,
Bamako, Mali, 2006
Katie Fletcher (Mt Holyoke, 2007) Immunoinformatics and
Immunology Internship
EpiVax, Inc.
Binny Chokshi, Brown -08 (Columbia Med School) TB Bolo Project
Bamako Mali
Olivier Bardol (University of Bordeaux Med Student) HIV Adherence
Hope Center Clinic
Bamako Mali
Tobias Cohen (Brown 2010) Immunoinformatics,
Heterologous Immunity
Sanjay Trehan (Brown 2010) Immunoinformatics,
Heterologous Immunity
Dr Luna Sharma (Pediatric ID Fellow) Immunoinformatics,
Regulatory T cells
Katie Harty (Brown 2009) Business Development Intern

Julie Caplow (Brown 2009), Lauren Pischel (Brown 2011) TB Knowledge, attitudes and practices in Sikoro, Mali.

Foreign Study Fellowship, Brown University Independent Study, Primary Mentor

Krista Dong PLME 2000 TB/Vaccines Immunology The Gambia, W. Africa, 1995
Tevis Howard Class of 2007 Kenya – Malaria - 2006


Fogarty AIDS Research Training Program (International Health Institute) Trainees

Mario O. Santiago U. Philippines 1995 HIV evolution/ EpiMer Algorithm
Julius Hafalla U. Philippines 1995 TB vaccines; MHC PCR/ EpiMer
Winston Banya MRC Research Labs 1998 HIV 2 vaccine development
Ousmane Toure (Visiting Fellow from Tulane U) AIDS Vax Conservation in Mali

Other Visiting Fellows

Constanze Weber, Ph.D. Candidate University of Frieberg 2008-09
Hendrik Veelkens, Sponsor
Dec205 Deimmunization project
Ben Aboubacar, M.D. Takemi Fellowship HIV/AIDS Care in Bamako Mali
Kotou Sangare (LBMA, FAST, Bamako Mali) GAIA Vaccine Research 2009
Emily Kossow, Wesleyan, GAIA Vaccine Research 2010

Courses Taught

• Institute for Immunology and Informatics (Spring 2011) (Vaccines for Infectious Diseases)
• Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics (taught as part of the Biotechnology Program, Downtown at the Shepahrd Building, University of Rhode Island (MTC 594 - Formerly Bio 160)
• Vaccines for Infectious Diseases (B10160)

View My Full Publication List in pdf format

Selected Publications

• A. S. De Groot, L. Moise, J.A. McMurry, Erik Wambre, Laurence Van Overvelt, Philippe Moingeon, W. Scott, W. Martin, Activation of Natural Regulatory T cells by IgG Fc-derived Peptide "Tregitopes". Accepted, in Press. Blood (2008).(2008)
• Knopf PM, Rivera DS, Hai SH, McMurry J, Martin W, De Groot AS. Novel function of complement C3d as an autologous helper T-cell target. Immunol Cell Biol. 2008 Mar;86(3):221-5. Epub 2008 Jan 8.(2008)
• A S. De Groot. Daniel S. Rivera, J. A. McMurry, S. Buus, W. Martin, Identification of Immunogenic HLA-B7 "Achilles' heel" Epitopes Within Highly Conserved Regions of HIV. Vaccine. Submitted Nov 2007. Accepted (Dec 2007 epub). Vaccine (2008) 26, 3059—3071.(2008)
• Knopf PM, Rivera DS, Hai SH, McMurry J, Martin W, De Groot AS. Novel function of complement C3d as an autologous helper T-cell target. Immunol Cell Biol. 2008 Mar;86(3):221-5.(2008)
• De Groot A.S., L. Moise, J.A. McMurry, Erik Wambre, Laurence Van Overvelt, Philippe Moingeon, W. Scott, W. Martin, Activation of Natural Regulatory T cells by IgG Fc-derived Peptide "Tregitopes". Blood, 2008,112: 3303(2008)
• Otero M, Calarota SA, Dai A, De Groot AS, Boyer JD, Weiner DB.Efficacy of novel plasmid DNA encoding vaccinia antigens in improving current smallpox vaccination strategy. Vaccine. 2005 Aug 30; [Epub ahead of print](2005)
• De Groot AS, McMurry J, Marcon L, Franco J, Rivera D, Kutzler M, Weiner D, Martin B. Developing an epitope-driven tuberculosis (TB) vaccine. Vaccine. 2005 Mar 18;23(17-18):2121-31.(2005)
• De Groot AS, Marcon L, Bishop EA, Rivera D, Kutzler M, Weiner DB, Martin W. HIV vaccine development by computer assisted design: the GAIA vaccine. Vaccine. 2005 Mar 18;23 [7-18):2136-48.(2005)
• McMurry, J, Sbai H, Gennaro ML, Carter EJ, Martin W, De Groot AS. Analyzing Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteomes for candidate vaccine epitopes. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2005; 85(1-2):95-105.(2005)
• De Groot AS, Bishop EA, Khan B, Lally M, Marcon L, Franco J, Mayer KH, Carpenter CC, Martin W. Engineering immunogenic consensus T helper epitopes for a cross-clade HIV vaccine. Methods. 2004 Dec;34(4):476-87 Bioinformatics in Vaccine Design.(2004)
• Dong Y, Demaria S, Sun X, Santori FR, Jesdale BM, De Groot AS, Rom WN, Bushkin Y. HLA-A2-restricted CD8+-cytotoxic-T-cell responses to novel epitopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis superoxide dismutase, alanine dehydrogenase, and glutamine synthetase. Infect Immun. 2004 Apr;72(4):2412-5.(2004)
• Editorial. A. S. De Groot, J. A. Berzofsky, From Genome to Vaccine – New Immunoinformatics tools for vaccine design. In: Bioinformatics for Vaccine Design. Volume 34, Issue 4, December 2004. Pages 425-428.(2004)
• Editorial. A. S. De Groot, Immunome Derived Vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther. Jun;4(6):767-772, 2004.(2004)
• Review. De Groot AS, Rappuoli R. Genome-derived vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004. Feb;3(1):59-76.(2004)
• Proceedings. A.S. De Groot and W. Martin. From immunome to vaccine: epitope mapping and vaccine design tools. Novartis Foundation Symposium No.254. 2004.(2004)
• Chapter. De Groot, A.S. and J.A. McMurry. TB Vaccine Development: Opportunity and Imperative. In Frontiers in the Development of New Vaccines. Philippe Moingeon, editor. To be published by Horizon Scientific Press Ltd. In 2004(2004)
• Chapter. H. Sbai, A. S. De Groot, J. Sidney, A. Sette and Jay A. Berzofsky. High throughput informatics and in vitro assays for T cell epitope determination: Application to the design of epitope-driven vaccines. New Generation Vaccines, 3rd edition, Myron M. Levine, B. Kaper, Rino Rappuoli, Margaret Liu, Michael Good, ed.s, Marcel Dekker Inc. NYC, NY. (2004).(2004)
• A.S. De Groot, Hakima Sbai, Bill Jesdale, W. Martin, C. Saint Aubin, H. Sbai, A. Bosma, Judy Lieberman, G.A. Skowron, Fadi Mansourati, Ken Mayer. Mapping Cross-clade HIV-1 Vaccine Epitopes Using a Bioinformatics Approach. Vaccine 21 (2003) 4486–4504. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0264410X.(2003)
• Lopes AR, Jaye A, Dorrell L, Sabally S, Alabi A, Jones NA, Flower DR, De Groot AS, Newton P, Lascar RM, Williams I, Whittle H, Bertoletti A, Borrow P, Maini MK. Greater CD8+ TCR heterogeneity and functional flexibility in HIV-2 compared to HIV-1 infection. J Immunol. 2003 Jul 1;171(1):307-16.(2003)
• A.S. De Groot, Vishvanath Nene, Nagendra R. Hedge, S. Srikumaran, James Rayner and William Martin. T Cell Epitope Identification for Bovine Vaccines: An Epitope Mapping Method for BoLA A-11. International Journal for Parasitology (Thematic Issue on Vaccines, David Brake Editor, (Vol 33/5-6 pp 641 - 653). 2003.(2003)
• W. Martin, A. Bosma, H. Sbai and A.S. De Groot. The use of bioinformatics for identifying class I restricted T cell epitopes. Methods (Epitope Mapping Issue). Bill Kwok, editor, Methods 29 (2003) 289–298.(2003)
• A.S. De Groot, J. Rayner, W. Martin. Modeling the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins using T cell epitope mapping. In: Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Biological Products. Developments in Biologicals. Fred Brown, Anthony Mire Suis, editors. Basel, Karger, 2003. Vol 112:71-80.(2003)
• A.S. De Groot, Hakima Sbai, Bill Jesdale, W. Martin, C. Saint Aubin, H. Sbai, A. Bosma, Judy Lieberman, G.A. Skowron, Fadi Mansourati, Ken Mayer. Mapping Cross-clade HIV-1 Vaccine Epitopes Using a Bioinformatics Approach. Vaccine 21 (2003) 4486–4504. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0264410X.(2003)
• W. Martin, A. Bosma, H. Sbai and A.S. De Groot. The use of bioinformatics for identifying class I restricted T cell epitopes. Methods (Epitope Mapping Issue). Bill Kwok, editor, Methods 29 (2003) 289–298.(2003)
• P, Lascar RM, Williams I, Whittle H, Bertoletti A, Borrow P, Maini MK. Greater CD8+ TCR heterogeneity and functional flexibility in HIV-2 compared to HIV-1 infection. J Immunol. 2003 Jul 1;171(1):307-16.(2003)
• Commentary. De Groot, AS. Smallpox vaccination – Time for a Novel Approach? Vaccine and Technology Development News, Vol 2 (8). November /December 2003 .(2003)
• Commentary. De Groot, A.S. How the SARS vaccine effort can learn from HIV—speeding towards the future, learning from the past. Vaccine 21 (2003) 4095–4104 (Available on line; see http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0264410X)(2003)
• De Groot, A.S.; Sbai, H.; Saint Aubin, C.; McMurry, J.A.; Martin, W. "Immuno-informatics: Mining the genome for Vaccine Components. Immunology and Cell Biology." Immunology and Cell Biology 2002, 80, 255-269.(2002)
• A.S. De Groot, H. Sbai, C. Saint Aubin, J.A. McMurry, William Martin. Immuno-informatics: Mining the genome for Vaccine Components. Immunology and Cell Biology. Immunology and Cell Biology (2002) 80, 255–269.(2002)
• A.S. De Groot, H. Sbai, C. Saint Aubin, J.A. McMurry, William Martin. Immuno-informatics: Mining the genome for Vaccine Components. Immunology and Cell Biology. Immunology and Cell Biology (2002) 80, 255–269.(2002)
• Chapter. A.S. De Groot, H. Sbai, Bill Martin, and Jay A. Berzofsky. Use of bioinformatics to predict MHC ligands and T-cell epitopes: Application to vaccine design. Methods in Microbiology: Immunology of Infection, 2nd Edition. (Volume 32 in the Methods in Microbiology series). Edited by Stefan Kaufmann and Dieter Kabelitz, 2002.(2002)
• De Groot, A.S.; Bosma, A.; Chinai, N.; Frost, J.; Jesdale, B.M.; Gonzalez, M.A.; Martin, W.; Saint-Aubin, C. "From genome to vaccine: In silico predictions, ex vivo verification" Vaccine 2001, 19, 4385.(2001)
• H. Sbai, A. Mehta, A.S. De Groot. Use of T cell epitopes for vaccine development. Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders, 2001, 1, 283-293.(2001)
• A.S. De Groot, Saint Aubin, CS, Rayner, J, Martin, W. Rapid Determination of HLA B*07- ligands from the West Nile Virus genome. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 7, No. 4, July–August 2001: 706-713.(2001)
• A.S. De Groot , Andrew Bosma, N. Chinai, J. Frost, Bill M. Jesdale, Michael A. Gonzalez, W. Martin, Caitlin Saint-Aubin.From genome to vaccine: In silico predictions, ex vivo verification Vaccine 2001 Aug 14;19(31):4385-95.(2001)
• A.S. De Groot, H. Sbai, C. Saint-Aubin, W. Martin, A. Bosma, G. Skowron, K. H. Mayer Designing HIV-1 vaccines to reflect viral diversity and the global context of HIV/AIDS. AIDScience 1(2) June 22,2001.(2001)
• Bond KB, Sriwanthana B, Hodge TW, De Groot AS, Mastro TD, Young NL, Promadej N, Altman JD, Limpakarnjanarat K, McNicholl JM. An HLA-directed molecular and bioinformatics approach identifies new HLA-A11 HIV-1 subtype E cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes in HIV-1 infected Thais. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2001; 17(8):703-18.(2001)
• A.S. De Groot, Saint Aubin, CS, Rayner, J, Martin, W. Rapid Determination of HLA B*07- ligands from the West Nile Virus genome. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 7, No. 4, July–August 2001: 706-713.(2001)
• Xia Jin, DF Nixon, CGP Roberts, Nixon DF, J Safrit, LQ Zhang, YX Huang, N Bhardwaj, B Jesdale, A.S. De Groot, RA Koup, Identification of subdominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes encoded by autologous HIV type 1 sequences, using dendritic cell stimulation and computer-driven algorithm. AIDS Res Hu Retroviruses Vol 16, No.1, pp. 67-76, January 2000.(2000)
• Editorial. A.S. De Groot and Rothman FG, In Silico Predictions; in Vivo Veritas (News and Views), Nature Biotechnology Vol 17, No. 6, pp. 533-34, June 1999.(1999)
• Schafer JA, Jesdale BM, George JA, Kouttab NM, A.S. De Groot, Prediction of well-conserved HIV-1 ligands using a Matrix-based Algorithm, EpiMatrix, Vaccine, 1998, Vol. 16, No. 19, pp. 1880-1884.(1998)
• Chapter. A.S. De Groot, Jesdale BM, Berzofsky JA, Prediction and determination of MHC ligands and T Cell Epitopes, Chapter 3, Immunology Methods, SHE Kaufmann, ed, Methods in Microbiology, Vol 25, p 79-106, Academic Press, NY 1998.(1998)
• De Groot, A.S.; Jesdale, B.M.; Szu, E.; Schafer, J.R.; Chicz, R.M.; Deocampo, G. "An interactive Web site providing major histocompatibility ligand predictions: application to HIV research." AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997, 13, 529.(1997)
• De Groot AS, Jesdale BM, Szu E, Schafer JR, Chicz RM, Deocampo G. An interactive Web site providing major histocompatibility ligand predictions: application to HIV research. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 May 1;13(7):529-31.(1997)
• Chapter. Raybourne, RB. Hermann, E, Kellner, H, De Groot, A.S., Huang, F, Willliams, K.M., Roth, G., Yu, D.T.Y. The role of peptides in the recognition of HLA-B27 by cytotoxic T cells and by antibodies, with special emphasis on arthritis patients, Chapter 11 in HLA-B27 in the Development of Spondyloarthropathies. Carlos Lopez Larrea. R. G. Landes Bioscience, Austin Texas USA.1997.(1997)
• Roberts, C.G.P.; Meister, G.E.; Jesdale, B.M.; Lieberman, J.; Berzofsky, J.A.; De Groot, A.S. "Prediction of HIV peptide epitopes by a novel algorithm" AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 1996, 12, 593.(1996)
• Roberts CGP, Meister GE, Jesdale BM, Lieberman J, Berzofsky JA, A.S. De Groot, Prediction of HIV peptide epitopes by a novel algorithm, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1996, Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 593-610.(1996)
• Chapter. A.S. De Groot, Meister GE, Cornette JL, Margalit H, DeLisi C, and Berzofsky JA; Computer Prediction of T Cell Epitopes, in New Generation Vaccines, 2nd edition, Myron M. Levine, Graeme C. Woodrow, James B. Kaper, Gary S. Cobon, eds., Marcel Dekker Inc. NYC, NY, 1996..(1996)
• Meister, G.E.; Roberts, C.G.P.; Berzofsky, J.A.; De Groot, A.S. "Two novel T cell epitope prediction algorithms based on MHC-binding motifs; comparison of predicted and published epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV protein sequences" Vaccine 1995, 13, 581.(1995)
• Meister GE, Roberts CGP, Berzofsky JA, A.S. De Groot, Two novel T cell epitope prediction algorithms based on MHC-binding motifs; comparison of predicted and published epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV protein sequences, Vaccine 1995, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 581-591.(1995)
• A.S. De Groot, Hosmalin CM, Hughes A, Barnd SH, Hendrix D, Houghten CW, Shearer GM, Berzofsky JA, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase T Helper Epitopes Identified in Mice and Humans: Correlation with a Cytotoxic T Cell Epitope, J. Infectious Disease 1991, Vol.164, pp.1058-1065.(1991)
• A.S. De Groot, Johnson AH, Maloy.WL, Quakyi IA, Riley EM, Menon A, Banks S M, Berzofsky JA, and Good MF, Human T cell recognition of polymorphic epitopes from malaria circumsporozoite protein, J. Immunol., 1989, Vol.142, No.11, pp. 4000-4005.(1989)
• A S. De Groot. Daniel S. Rivera, J. A. McMurry, S. Buus, W. Martin, Identification of Immunogenic HLA-B7 "Achilles' heel" Epitopes Within Highly Conserved Regions of HIV. Vaccine, 2008