Glossary of Terms
- Ambidextrous
- The ability to pick up where the surgeon has left off.
- Arthroplasty
- Surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint
- Biomimicry
- Robot designed to replicate the way that surgeons position themselves and their tools during surgery
- Computer-assisted surgery (CAS)
- Computer-based procedure that uses technologies such as 3D imaging and real-time sensing in the planning, execution and follow-up of surgical procedures
- Computer tomography (CT)
- Scan that takes cross-sectional images using magnetic-resonance-imaging or x-ray methods
- Degrees of Freedom
- Each joint having 1 degree of freedom implies that a simple robotic arm with 3 degrees of freedom may move in three ways: left and right, forward and backward, and up and down
- Dexterity Enhancements
- Technology designed to increase the precision of the surgeonÕs hands to the level enabled by microscopy.
- End-effector
- The ends of robotic arms where tools can be exchanged and haptic feedback can be recorded
- Endoscope
- Optic instrument that is inserted through an incision
- Frameless Stereotaxy
- Real-time localization of surgical instrumentation in corresponding images of the patient
- Haptics
- Feedback of sensory information, whether proprioceptive, vestibular, kinesthetic, or tactile, to the user from the simulated environment
- Kinesthesia
- Perception of body position, movement, and muscular tensions
- Laparoscopy
- Is also known as keyhole surgery, bandaid surgery, or minimally invasive surgery. It usually refers only to operations within the abdomen or pelvic cavity. Laparoscopic surgery belongs to the field of endoscopy. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopy)
- Minimally invasive surgery
- General procedures that avoid long cuts by entering the body through small entry incisions with long-handled instruments to operate on tissue within the body using viewing equipment for guidance.
- Orthopedics
- A branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and recurrent injuries and other disorders of the locomoter system, its muscular and bone parts. Apart from the mechanical considerations, it is also concerned with the pathology, genetics, intrinsic, extrinsic, and biomechanical factors involved. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopedics)
- RCM
- Remote Center of Motion
- Registration
- Finding the corresponding points in the preoperative image data and points on the patient’s anatomy on the operating table.
- Robotic surgery
- Procedure executed through a robot
- Robot
- Computerized system with a motorized construction (usually an arm) capable of interacting with the environment, sensor to provide data on the robots current situation, and a system to process this information to determine the next step
- Supervisory-controlled system
- Type of robotic surgery in which the robot performs the entire procedure using a program preset by the surgeon
- Telesurgical system
- Type of robotic surgery in which the surgeon manipulates the robotic arms during the procedure rather than allowing the robotic arms to work from a predetermined program
- Shared-control system
- Type of robotic surgery in which surgeon and robot jointly perform the tasks
- Stereoscopic
- use of binoculars for observing the surgical field and providing depth
- Stereotactic biopsy
- A precise method of sampling a small region of brain tissue using image-guidance and minimally invasive techniques
- Stereotaxy
- Precise, deliberate and spatially encoded movements.
- Teleoperation
- The remote operation of a robotic device, such as a rover or a robot
- Urology
- Field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and of the male reproductive system. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urology)
- Urobotics
- Urology robots