Injuries in Competitive Athletes
1 2 3 4 5 6

Surgical Methods
1 2 3 4

Ligament Reconstruction Therapy
1 2 3 4

Complications

Sources

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References

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2. http://www.stoneclinic.com/aclrep.htm

3. Albright JC, Carpenter JE, Graf BK, Richmond JC (ed). Knee and Leg: Soft-tissue trauma. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update 6. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1999

4. Bradley JB, Klimkiewicz JJ, Rytel MJ, Powell JW. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in the National Football League: Epidemiology and Current Treatment Trends Among Team Physicians. Washington DC: Arthroscopy Association of North America, 2002

5. McAllister DR, Tsai AM, Dragoo JL, McWilliams J, Dorey FJ, Hame SL, Finerman GAM. Knee function after anterior cruciate ligament injury in elite collegiate athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine, July-August, 2003.

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7. Cross MJ. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Treatmentd and Rehabilitation. Sydney, Australia: North Sydney Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre.

8. http://www.hughston.com/hha/a.pcl.htm

9. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/926051361.html

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11. http://www.emedx.com/emedx/diagnosis_information/knee_disorders/medial_collateral_ligament_sprain_outline.htm

12. http://www.physioroom.com/injuries/leg/medial_collateral_ligament_full.shtml

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14. Ferretti A, Puddu G, Mariani PP, Neri M. The natural history of jumper's knee. Patellar or quadriceps tendonitis. Int Orthop, 1985;8: 239-42.

15. http://www.centraliowaortho.com/meniscaltears.htm

16. http://www.drmendbone.com/acl.htm

17. http://www.arthroscopy.com/sp05018.htm

18. http://www.stolaf.edu/athletics/sportsmed/injuries/grafts.htm

19. Hamner DL, Brown CH Jr, Steiner ME, Hecker AT, Hayes WC. Hamstring tendon grafts for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: biomechanical evaluation of the use of multiple strands and tensioning techniques. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999 Apr;81(4):549-57.

20. http://www.knee1.com/hero/hero.cfm/17

21. http://www.factotem.org/cgi-bin/kneebbs.pl/noframes/read/202888

22. www.osma.us/media/KevinOMalley.ppt

23. Freddie H. Fu, Craig H. Bennett, C. Benjamin Ma, Jacques Menetrey, Christian Lattermann. Current Trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine, Jan, 2000

24. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/courses/bae465/1995_projects/bake/baker/a

25. Klein W, Jensen KU. Synovitis and artificial ligaments. Arthroscopy. 1992;8(1):116-24.

26. Frank R. Noyes, Sue D. Barber-Westin, Timothy E. Hewett, High Tibial Osteotomy and Ligament Reconstruction for Varus Angulated Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knees. American Journal of Sports Medicine, May, 2000.

27. Meding JB, Keating EM, Ritter MA, Faris PM. Total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy. Clin Orthop. 2000 Jun;(375):175-84.

28. Jager A, Khoudeir S, Braune C, Herresthal J. Can meniscal suture repair in athletes prevent early development of osteoarthritis without compromising the preinjury sports activity level. Orthopadische Universitatsklinik "Friedrichsheirm"; Frankfurt, Main, Germany.

29. Gray J, Taunton JE, McKenzie DC, Clement DB, McConkey JP, Davidson RG. A survey of injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee in female basketball players. Int J Sports Med. 1985 Dec;6(6):314-6.

30. Meeuwisse WH, Sellmer R, Hagel B. Rates of injury during intercollegiate basketball. ASJM, May-June, 2003

31. http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~athmed/aclrehab/prev.html

32. Pressman A, Johnson DH. A Review of Ski Injuries Resulting in Combined Injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and the Medial Collateral Ligament. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Arthroscopic Association of North America, 2003.

33. http://www.orthojournalhms.org/ojhms2002/manuscripts/manuscripts-05.htm

34. http://www.arthroscopy.com/sp05042.htm