References

References

http://text.nlm.nih.gov/nih/cdc/www/100txt.html

Linstrom, Christopher J. “Cochlear Implantation: Practical Information for the Generalist”. Primary Care; Clinics in Office Practice Vol 25, Number 3, September 1998.

http://www.kfshrc.edu.sa/annals/175/97-033g.html

http://www.cabrillo.cc.ca.us/divisions/becho/bio/dscott/sensory/tsld036.htm

http://www.medicineau.net.au/clinical/ent/SNHL.html#Definitions

http://www.hearingaidhelp.com/hearingloss.html

Demographics

www.cochlearimplant.com/implants_EPS.html

http://professional.asha.org/research/Children.htm

http://professional.asha.org/research/Hearing.htm

www.cochlear.com

Efficacy Studies

Bollard, Priscilla et al. “Specific Language Growth in Young Children Using the Clarion Cochlear Implant.” Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Larynology. April 1999, Suppl 177, Volume 108. P 119-123.

Brown, Carolyn and Deborah McDowall. “Speech Production Results in Children Implanted with the Clarion Implant.” Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology. April 1999, Suppl 177, Volume 108. P 110-112.

Cochlear Implants in Adults and Children. NIH Consensus Statement 1995 May 15-17 [cited 4/22/2001];13(2):1-30.

Geier, Lisa et al. “The Effect of Long-term Deafness on Speech Recognition in Postlingually Deafened Adult Clarion Cochlear Implant Users.” Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology. April 1999, Suppl 177, Volume 108. P 80-83.

Cohen, Noel and Susan Waltzman. Cochlear Implants. Thieme; NY 2000 pg 171-175.

www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_1246.html

Robbins, Amy McConkey et al. “Language Development in Children Implanted with the Clarion Cochlear Implant.” Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. April 1999, Suppl 177, Volume 108. P 113-118.

Svirsky, Mario and Ted Meyer. “Comparison of Speech Perception in Pediatric Clarion Cochlear Implant and Hearing Aid Users.” Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology. April 1999,Suppl 177 Volume 108. P 104-109.

Young, Nancy et al. “Speech Perception of Young Children Using Nucleus 22-channel or Clarion Cochlear Implants.” Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology. April 1999, Suppl 177 Volume 108. P 99-103.

www.cochlearimplant.com (4/23/01)

www.earaces.com (4/23/01)

www.johntracyclinic.org (4/23/01)

www.nvvs.nl/ci/live_event010109.htm (4/23/01)

http://webmd.lycos.com/content/asset/yale_lab_tests_test_name_puretone_audiometry.html (4/23/01)

Controversy

Arana-Ward, Marie. “As Technology Advances, a Bitter Debate Divides the Deaf.” The Washington Post. May 11, 1997.p A01.

Cornett, R.Orin and Mary Elsie Daisey. The Cued Speech Resource Book for Parents of Deaf Children. Raleigh: National Cued Speech Association. 1992.

Padden, Carol and Tom Humphries. Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.

Paul, Peter and Stephen Quigley. Language and Deafness. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, Inc., 1994.

Sacks, Oliver. Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf. New York: Harper Perennial, 1990.

Solomon, Andrew. “Defiantly Deaf.” New York Times Magazine. August 28, 1994. p 38.

www.gallaudet.edu (4/22/01)

www.aslinfo.com (4/22/01)

Future Outlook

Noel Cohen, author of Cochlear Implants. (Edited by Waltzman and Cohen. Theime Medical Publishers, Inc., New York, 2000)

http://text.nlm.nih.gov/nih/cdc/www/100txt.html#Head33 (4/21/01)

History of Cochlear Implants

“Cochlear Implants: My perspective.” William F. House. www.allhear.com/monographs/m-95-htm.html#fn2,

Clark, G.M., Tong, Y.C. Patrick, JF. (1990) Cochlear Prostheses. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.

Niparko, John K. and Blake S. Wilson. “History of Cochlear Implants”. Cochlear Implants: Principles and Practices. Lippincott Williiams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2000: pp 103-108.

Vestberg, 1998

Clark GM, Tong YC, Black R, Forster IC, Patrick JF, and Dewhurst DJ: “A multiple electrode cochlear implant”, 1977. J. Laryngol. Otol. 91, 935-945.

(Gantz et al, 1988, Cohen et al, 1993.

Normal Functioning of the Ear

Bear, Mark F. ; Connors, Barry and Paradiso, Michael. Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore; 1996: pp. 272-307.

The Costs of a CI

http://www.listen-up.org/med-ci.htm

http://www.hcfa.gov/pubforms/06_cim/ci60.htm#_65_14

The Device

Wilson, Blake. “Cochlear Implant Technology.” Cochlear Implants: Principles and Practices, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Philadelphia: 2000, pg 109-118

http://www.utdallas.edu/~loizou/cimplants/tutorial/tutorial.htm (4/24/01)

http://www.medel.com/web/us/index_us.html (The Med-El Homepage 4/23/01)

http://www.cochlearimplant.com/ (The Clarion Homepage 4/24/01)

http://www.cochlear.com/rcs/cochlear/publisher/web/home/index.jsp (The Nuclear Homepage 4/22/01)

The Surgery

Cohen, Noel. “Surgical Techniques for Cochlear Implants.” Cochlear Implants; Tieme, New York, New York; 2000: pgs. 151-156.

http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/pubs_hb/otitism.htm#treated (4/23/01)

http://www.ata.org/ (The American Tinnitus Association 4/21/01)

http://www.teleport.com/~veda/labyrin.html (4/22/01)

Roland, Thomas. “Complications of Cochlear Implant Surgery.” Cochlear Implants; Tieme, New York, New York; 2000: pgs. 171-175.

Postoperative Training

http://www.utdallas.edu/~loizou/cimplants/tutorial/

http://www.pixsoft.com/ci/