References

MIDCAB References
  1. Sivasubramanian, Dr. S. Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. Website,1998. http://www.dencats.org/heart/micas/micasintro.htm Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  2. Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass, MIDCAB. Mid Atlantic Surgical Associates (MASA) website, 1999. http://www.heart-surgeons.com/midcab1.htm Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  3. Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery with Bryan Steinberg, M.D. WebMD Live Chat website, 1999. http://my.webmd.com/content/asset/chat_transcript.529946 Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  4. Sivasubramanian, Dr. S. Minimally Invasive Direct CABG: MIDCAB. About.com website, Feb. 1, 1998. http://heartdisease.miningco.com/health/heartdisease/library/weekly/aa020198.htm Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  5. Shute, Nancy. Little Surgery, Big Plans. U.S. News Online website. July 27, 1997. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/970728/28cut.htm Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  6. MID/CAB. Shumacker Isch website. http://www.mps-cpb.com/sijf/mid.htm Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  7. MIDCAB. Florida Thoracic and Cardivascular Associates website. Apr. 3, 1999. http://www.fltca.com/What_s_New/MIDCAB/body_midcab.html Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  8. Diegeler et al. Comparison of MIDCAB Versus Conventional CABG Surgery Regarding Pain and Quality of Life. The Heart Surgery Forum website. Aug. 19, 1999. http://www.hsforum.com/vol2/issue4/1999-32610article.html Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  9. Coulson, Alan S. MIDCAB vs. Conventional Surgery: Is It Worth the Risk? Chest, Sept. 1998.
  10. Lysaght, Micheal. Technology for Fixing Broken Hearts. Class Notes. Feb. 23, 2000.
  11. Heartz, Renee S., M.D. Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery. AMA Scientific Statement. Aug. 1996. http://www.americanheart.org/Scientific/statements/1996/1115.html Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  12. Edelson, Edward. The Beat Goes On. Popular Science. Mar. 2000. Pg. 62.
  13. Ultima OPCAB System. Guidant website. http://www.guidant.com/products/surgery/ultima.htm Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  14. Precision-Op System. Heartport website. http://www.heartport.com/webpage_templates/secondary.php3?page_name=prec_op Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  15. OCTOPUS®2+ Tissue Stabilization System. Medtronic, Inc. website, 2000. http://www.medtronic.com/cardiac/mics/prod_octo2plus.html Visited Apr. 10, 2000.
  16. Hensley, Scott. The Latest Thing: Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery is All the Rage. But it May Not Always be the Right Thing To Do. Modern Healthcare. June 9, 1997. Pg. 44.

OPCAB References
  1. O'Mara, Richard. (1999) Without Missing A Beat. Baltimore Sun. April 22.
  2. Arom, Kit. (1999) Safety and Efficacy of "Off Pump" CABG. STSA. Available from: http://www.ctsnet.org/doc/3578.
  3. Cardiac Surgery. St. Francis Hospital. Availbale from: http://www.stfrancisheartcenter.com/cardiac/surgery.html
  4. Ardehali, Abbas, MD. Et al. (1999) Multivessel coronary artery bypass surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass. American Heart Journal. 138, Number 5.
  5. Alexander, John Jr., MD. (1997) What Initiates the Systemic Inflammatory Response in Cardiac Surgery Patients?. Chest. 112, Number 5.
  6. Bay Area Heart Institute. San Ramon Regional Medical Center. Available from: http://www.sanramonmedctr.com/SanRamon/hs/
  7. Calafiore, Antonio et al. (1998) Recent Advances in Multivessel Coronary Grafting Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Heart Surgery Forum, vol. 1 (1). Available from: http://www.hsforum.com/vol1/issue1/1998-33589alt.html
  8. Puscas, John D. et al. Clinical Outcomes and Angiographic Patency In 165 Consecutive Off-Pump Coronary Bypass Patients. STS. Available from: www.ctsnet.org/abstract/2243
  9. Healy, Sean. (1999) The beat goes on... Open heart team doing bypass surgeries without pump. UPMC Health System. Available from:
  10. http://www.upmc.edu/Passavant/MediaOPCAB.htm
  11. Hart, James C., MD. (1999) Off-Pump Multivessel Coronary Bypass Utilizing the Octopus® Tissue Stabilization System: Initial Experience in 374 Patients from Three Separate Centers. Heart Surgery Forum, vol. 2 (1). Available from: http://www.hsforum.com/vol2/issue1/1999-5150.html
  12. Inchausti, Ken. (2000) OFF-PUMP BYPASS SURGERY DATA EXCEEDS CONVENTIONAL SURGERY. STS. Available from: http://www.sts.org/doc/4122
  13. Cartier, Raymond MD. (1998) Triple coronary artery revascularization on the stabilized beating heart: initial experience. Canadian Journal of Surgery. 41, 283-288.
  14. Sternlieb, Jack MD. (1999) "Off Pump" Coronary Bypass Surgery. HeartInstitute.net. Available from: http://www.heartinstitute.net/wa/stblwky.shtml
  15. OPCAB. Florida Thoracic & Cardiovascular Associates. Available from: http://www.fltca.com/What_s_New/OPCAB/opcab.html

PACAB References
  1. Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. UCS Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Website, 1998. http://www.surgery.usc.edu/divisions/ct/minimallyinvasivecardiacsurgery.html Visited Apr. 12, 2000. (1)
  2. Sivasubramanian, Dr. S. Port Access CABG Website, 2000. http://heartdisease.about.com/health/heartdisease/library/weekly/aa011898.htm Visited Apr. 13, 2000. (2)
  3. Edward, R. M.D., Port Access Cardiac Surgery, Winthrop University Hospital. Website, 1999. http://tcvsurg.org/article3.cfm Visited Apr 14, 2000 (3)
  4. Heart Center Laboratories. UVa Health System, Website, 2000 http://www.med.virginia.edu/heart/patients/hclabs.html#Echocardiography Visited Apr 12, 2000 (40)
  5. Digivision, 1999. http://www.digivision.com/Products/medical.htm Website, Visited Apr. 25, 2000 (5)
  6. New York University School of Medicine Online Institute for Cardiac Surgery. Website, 2000 http://cv.med.nyu.edu/patients/mininvasive.html Visited April 3, 2000 (6)
  7. First Report of the Port Access International Registry. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 1999. Website. http://www.ctsnet.org/journal/ats/67/51, Visited April 4, 2000 (7)
  8. Clinical Report. The Port Access International Registry, 2000. Website. http://www.heartport.com/webpage_templates/PAIR2000.pdf Visited April 22, 2000 (8)
  9. Picture from http://www.med.nyu.edu/people/S.Colvin.html, 1999 NYU School of Medicine
  10. Minimally Invasive Surgery. Mount Sinai Health Care Solutions, 1999. Website http://www.med.nyu.edu/hcsolutions/minim/minim.html, Visited April 12, 2000. (10)
  11. Johns Hopkins Becomes One Of Few U.S. Hospitals Using New Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery. Oct. 29, 1996. http://www.eurekalert.org/E-lert/current/public_releases/deposit/mininvase.html. Visited 4-20-00

Robotics References
  1. Mary Jane Egan, Surgeons use robot to perform heart surgery, Health News, 10/7/99 http://www.canoe.ca/Health9910/07_heart.html, 4/20/00
42) Unknown, Robots in Open Heart Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1999 http://204.180.41.224/BBoard/Forum15/HTML/000054.html (video), 4/21/00
43) Leilyn Perri, Robots usher in New Era in Heart Surgery, Penn State Medicine, 2000 http://www.collmed.psu.edu/PS_Medicine/winter00/robots.htm (Damanio's on TV), 4/20/00 Compuer Motion
44) Colleen Anderson, Robotic Heart Surgery, Technocopia, 11/24/99 http://www.technocopia.com/health-19991124-roboheart.html, 4/22/00
45) http://www.hoise.com/vmw/articles/LV-VM-03-98-5.html
46) Unknown, Computer Motion and U.S. Surgical Form strategic alliance to Jointly Develop Instruments for Robotic Heart Surgery, Developing Instruments For Robotic Heart Surgery Announced, 12/28/99 http://204.180.41.224/BBoard/Forum11/HTML/000115.html , 4/23/00
47) Theresa Tamkins, Robotic Arms Assist Heart Surgery, Reuters Health Information, 12/09/99 http://www.heartinfo.org/reutersnews/t120915f.htm , 4/18/00
48) Wendy Wifler, The Future is Now, Computer Motion, 10/4/99 http://www.medtechinvestor.com/new_page_5.htm , 4/20/00
49) Yahoo Buisness Page, http://biz.yahoo.com/n/r/rbot.html (company news), 4/21/00
50) Computer Motion Inc., Quarterly Report, Quotes Page, 11/12/99 http://biz.yahoo.com/e/991112/rbot.html (company in trouble), 4/21/00
51) Computer Motion, Press Release, Yahoo Finance Page, 3/30/00 http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/000330/ca_compute_1.html , 4/20/00
52) Warren King, Using Robotics to mend broken Hearts, Seattle Times, 4/13/99 http://www.seattletimes.com/news/health-science/html98/robo_19990413.html , 4/24/00
53) Robert Davis, Robot wields heart surgery scalpel, USA Today, 11/23/99 http://www.usatoday.com/life/cyber/tech/review/crg433.htm, 4/18/00
54) Michael J. Martinez, Hands of da Vinci, ABC News, 1999 http://more.abcnews.go.com/sections/tech/CuttingEdge/cuttingedge990730.html , 4/20/2000
55) Peggy Peck, Robots Arrive, Physician's Weekly, 10/18/99 http://www.physweekly.com/archive/99/10_18_99/twf.html , 4/22/00
56) Unknown, Hershey Patients Doing Well, MDNetwork, 6/99 http://www.psghs.edu/community_information/md_network/jul_99/hershey.htm (4/40/00)
57) Julie Stevens, Giving Surgeons a Helping Hand, Mercury Center, 4/18/00 http://www.mercurycenter.com/archives/reprints/0400/Sevrens04182000.htm, 4/27/00
58) Unknown, Robotics, FDA, 2000 http://www.verity.fda.gov/, 4/23/00

Laser References
59) James W. Jones, Transmyocardial Revascularization: The Procedure, Missouri.edu http://www.surgery.missouri.edu/tmr/procedure.htm 4/25/00
60) Unknown, Laser Heart Surgery Improves Chest Pain, Reuters, 9/9/99 http://www.heartinfo.org/reutersnews/t0929-7f.htm 4/26/00
61) Unknown, Clinical Trials Begin for TMR Heart Surgery, Doctor's Guide, 9/09/96 http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/c4ae.htm, 4/26/00
62) Unknown, Conventional and Holistic Cures, Holistic.com, 4/18/98 http://www.holistic-online.com/Remedies/Angina.htm, 4/28/00
63) http://www.health-first.org/YourHealthFirst/Articles/tmr_brevard.htm
64) Daniel Q. Haney, Study Says Laser Surgery May Lower Heart Pain, Seattle Times, 3/8/99 http://www.seattletimes.com/news/health-science/html98/lasr_19990308.html, 4/29/00
 


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