References

Cartilage Physiology and Failure Mechanisms

Non-Surgical Treatments

Pallative Treatments and Induced Fibrocartilage Growth

Meniscal Treatments

Chondral Grafting and Autologous Tissue Grafting

ACI and Carticel

Joint Replacement

Cartilage Physiology and Failure Mechanisms

Aigner T, et al, “Roles of chondrocytes in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis”, Lippincott Williams, and Wilkins inc. 14 (2002) 578-584

Chubinskaya S, Kuettner KE, “Regulation of osteogenic proteins by chondrocytes”, IJBCB 35 (2003) 1323-1340

Goggs R, et al, “Apoptosis and the loss of chondrocyte survival signals contribute to articular cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis”, The Veterinary Journal 166 (2003) 140-158

Goldring MB , Berenbaum F, “The regulation of chondrocyte function by proinflammatory mediators”, Clinical Orthopedics and related research 427S (2004) s37-s46

http://webnt.calhoun.edu/distance/Internet/Natural/anatomy/Histology/fibrocartilage40.html

http://www.bioeng.auckland.ac.nz/images/database/cells/chondrocyte2.gif

http://www.cartilagecareclinic.com/CCInformation.htm

http://www.cmb.lu.se/ctb/html/Cartilage.htm

http://www.durangoorthopedics.com/anatomy.html

Pearle AD, et al, “Basic Science of Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis”, Clinics in Sports Medicine 24 (2005) 1-12

Quinn TM, et al, “Variation of cell and matrix morphologies in articular cartilage among locations in the adult human knee” Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 13 (2005) 672-678

Scopp JM, Mandelbaum BR, “A treatment Algorithm for the Management of Articular Cartilage Defects”, Orthopedics Clinics of North America 36 (2005) 419-426

Non-Surgical Treatments

Brouwer, R.W., et al. “Braces and orthoses for treating osteoarthritis of the knee.” The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1. 2006.

Buechel, F.F.: et al. “Twenty-Year Evaluation of Meniscal Bearing and Rotating Platform Knee Replacements.” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, July 2001, pp. 41-50.

DaCamara and Dowless; Glucosamine Sulfate for Osteoarthritis. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 32:580-586.1998.

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=284&topcategory=knee

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=472&topcategory=knee

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=513&topcategory=knee

http://www.jointreplacement.com/xq/ASP.default/pg.content/content_id/qx/default.htm

http://www.ossur.com/template110.asp?PageID=1839

http://www.wmt.com/TotalKnee/Patients/options.asp

Leeb, B, et al; A Metaanalysis of Chondroitin Sulfate in the Treatment of OA. Journal of Rheumatology. 27:205-211. 2000.

Muller-Fasbender, H, et al.; Glucosamine sulfate compared to ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2:61-69. 1994.

Sorrells, R.B., et al. “The Rotating Platform Mobile Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty.” Surgical Technology International IX, San Francisco , 2000.

Pallative Treatments and Induced Fibrocartilage Growth

Angermann, P., K. Harager, et al. (2002). "Arthroscopic chondrectomy as a treatment of cartilage lesions." Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10(1): 6-9.

Beris, A. E., M. G. Lykissas, et al. (2005). "Advances in articular cartilage repair." Injury 36 Suppl 4: S14-23.

Brukner, P. D., K. M. Crossley, et al. (2006). "5. Recent advances in sports medicine." Med J Aust 184(4): 188-93.

G. D. SMITH, G. K., J. B. RICHARDSON (2005). "A clinical review of cartilage
repair techniques." THE JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 87 B(4).

Hunziker, E. B. (2002). "Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress. A review of the current status and prospects." Osteoarthritis Cartilage 10(6): 432-63.

Johnson, L., L (2001). "CLINICAL METHODS OF
CARTILAGE REPAIR
Arthroscopic Abrasion Arthroplasty." CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH 391S: S306–S317.

Karam, A. M., D. E. Protsenko, et al. (2006). "Long-term viability and mechanical behavior following laser cartilage reshaping." Arch Facial Plast Surg 8(2): 105-16.

Lu, Y., R. B. Edwards, 3rd, et al. (2002). "Thermal chondroplasty with bipolar and monopolar radiofrequency energy: effect of treatment time on chondrocyte death and surface contouring." Arthroscopy 18(7): 779-88.

Maloney, M. D., J. J. Goater, et al. (2006). "Safety and efficacy of ultraviolet-a light-activated gene transduction for gene therapy of articular cartilage defects." J Bone Joint Surg Am 88(4): 753-61.

Mitchell, M. E., D. Kidd, et al. (2006). "Determination of factors influencing tissue effect of thermal chondroplasty: an ex vivo investigation." Arthroscopy 22(4): 351-5.

Scopp, J. M. and B. R. Mandelbaum (2005). "A treatment algorithm for the management of articular cartilage defects." Orthop Clin North Am 36(4): 419-26.

Steadman, R. M. R., William, G DVM*; and J. and Rodrigo, J MD** (2001). "Microfracture: Surgical Technique and
Rehabilitation to Treat Chondral Defects." CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH 391S: S362–S369.


Meniscal Treatments

Sapega, Alexander. “Meniscus Repair vs. Removal.” The Knee and Shoulder Centers of New Jersey and Pennsylvania .

Pinkowski, John. Meniscal Transplantation – A good choice for relieving pain and restoring mobility.” Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Outlook Quarterly. Fall Quarter 2004.

“Meniscal Transplants.” The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org. March 2003.

Chondral Grafting and Autologous Tissue Grafting

"ACI: General Information". The Center for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. <http://www.arthroscopy.com/sp08020.htm>.

Hunziker, E.B. Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress. A review of the current status and prospects . (2001) Osteoarthritis and Cartilage: Osteoarthritis Research Society International . 10: 437-439.

“Definition of Perichondrial”. MedicineNet. <http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7894>.

“The Implant Procedure.” Carticel . 2003-2006. Genzyme Biosurgery. March 24, 2006 . <http://www.carticel.com/medprof/surgery/implantprocedure.asp >.

“Osteochondral Grafting of Articular Cartilage Injuries”. WebMD e-medicine. 2005. <http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic595.htm#top>.

Stone, Kevin R., Walgenbach, Ann W., Mullin, Michael J. The Stone Clinic. Articular Cartilage Transplantation. <http://www.stoneclinic.com/articnew.htm>.

“Cartilage Transplantation”. University of South Alabama Human Performance and Joint Restoration Center . USA Department of Orthopaedics. <http://www.southalabama.edu/usahealthsystem/jointrestoration/cartilage.html>.

“Articular Cartilage Paste Grafting Post-Operative Physical Therapy Protocol”. The Stone Clinic. < http://www.stoneclinic.com/artcartpgpostoptherproto.htm>.

Stone, Kevin R., Walgenbach, Ann W., Hill, Marin D., Speer, Don P. The Stone Clinic. Articular Cartilage Paste Grafting: Two to Twelve Year Follow-Up . <http://www.stoneclinic.com/artcart2to12.htm>.

Buhrlen, Bernhard, and Husing, Barbel. Tissue Engineered Products-Today's markets and Future Prospects . Fraunhofer Institute of Systems and Innovation Research. 2003, p. 42.

“Carticel, Carticel Failure, and Carticel Alternatives”. The Stone Clinic. <http://www.stoneclinic.com/carticel_failure.htm>

ACI and Carticel

“About Carticel.” Carticel . 2003-2006. Genzyme Biosurgery. March 24, 2006 . <http://www.Carticel.com/medprof/surgery/aboutCarticel.asp>.

“Autologous Chondrocyte implantation (ACI 2002 Update). Department of labor and Industries Office of the Medical director Technology Assessement. 2002. <www.lni.wa.gov/ClaimsIns/Files/OMD/AciUpdate.pdf>. April 14, 2006 .

“Biopsy Procedure.” Carticel . 2003-2006. Genzyme Biosurgery. March 24, 2006 . < http://www.Carticel.com/medprof/surgery/biopsyprocedure.asp >.

“Biopsy.” Carticel . 2003-2006. Genzyme Biosurgery. March 24, 2006 . <http://www.Carticel.com/medprof/surgery/biopsy.asp>.

“Carticel Frequently Asked Questions.” Carticel . 2003-2006. Genzyme Biosurgery. April 14, 2006 . < http://www.Carticel.com/insurers/newcoveragefaqs.asp >.

“Carticel Package Insert” Carticel . 2003-2005. Genzyme Biosurgery April 24, 2006 . <ttp://www.carticel.com/pdfs/carticel_product_label.pdf>.

“Genzyme Biosurgery Pipeline.” 2003-2006. Genzyme . <http://www.genzymebiosurgery.com/corp/research/gzbx_p_re_pipeline.asp>. April 27, 2006 .

“Genzyme buys German cartilage-therapy firm Virigen.” Boston Business Journal . February 8, 2005 .

“Genzyme Tissue Repair Takes Major Step Toward Development of Preformed Cartilage with Technology Licensed from Sentron Medical.” April 13, 2000 . PR Newswire Association LLC . <http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/04-13-2000/0001189981&EDATE> April 27, 2006 .

“Next-Generation Carticel.” 2004 Annual Report . 2004. Genzyme Corporation. <http://www.genzyme.com/corp/2004_AR/next_generation_Carticel.asp>. April 10, 2006 .

“Patient Assessment.” Carticel . 2003-2006. Genzyme Biosurgery. March 24, 2006 . <http://www.Carticel.com/medprof/surgery/patientassessment.asp>.

“Rehabilitiation.” Carticel . 2003-2006. Genzyme Biosurgery. March 24, 2006 . < http://www.Carticel.com/medprof/surgery/rehabilitation.asp >.

“The Implant Procedure.” Carticel . 2003-2006. Genzyme Biosurgery. March 24, 2006 . < http://www.Carticel.com/medprof/surgery/implantprocedure.asp >.

“Treament Results: February 1998.” 1999-2006. <http://www.Arthroscopy.com>. April 14, 2006 .

Bentley G, Biant LC, Carrington RWJ, Akmal M, Goldberg A, Williams AM, Skinner JA, Pringle J. A prospective, randomized comparison of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus mosiacplasty for osteochondrial defects in the knee (2003) . The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery . 85B (2): 223-230.

Brittberg, Mats, Anders Lindahl, Anders Nilsson, Claes Ohlosson, Olle Isaksson, and Lars Peterson. Treamtent of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation (1994). New England Journal of Medicine . 331: 889-895.

Brittberg, Mats, Tommi Tallheden, Eva Sjogren-Jansson, Anders Lindahl, and Lars Peterson. Autologous Chondrocytes Used for Articular Cartilage Repair (2001). Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research . 391S: S337-S348.

Browne J, Anderson A, Arciero R, Mandelbaum B, Moseley J, Micheli L, Fu F, Erggelet C. Clinical outcome of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation at 5 years in US Subjects (2005) . Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine . 436: 237-245.

Cherubino P, Grassi F, Bulgheroni P, and M Ronga. Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation using a bilayer collagen matrix: A preliminary report . Journal of Orthopedic Surgery . June 2003.

Cohen, JLD. Bone and cartilage formation by periosteum (2000) . Journal of Bone Joint Surgery . 37: 145-151

Crisco, Joseph. Personal interview. April 12, 2006 .

DeAngelis, Roland. Email interview. April 17, 2006 .

Erggelet S, Sittinger M and Lahm A. The Arthroscopic Implantation of Autologous Chondrocytes for the Treatment of full-thickness Cartilage Defects of the knee joint (2003). Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and related surgery . 19(1): 108-110.

Fadale, Paul, MD. Personal interview. April 26, 2006 .

Goldring, Mary B. The Role of Chondrocyte in Osteoarthritis (2000). Arthritis and Rheumatism . 43 (9): 1916-1926.

Hambly K, Bobic V, Wondrasch PT, Van Assche D, Marlovits S. Autologous Chondrocyte Implantataion Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation: Science and Practice (2006) . American Journal of Sports Medicine . January 25, 2006 (not yet published).

Hulstyn, Michael, MD. Personal interview. April 26, 2006 .

Hunziker, E.B. Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress of the current status and prospects (2001) . Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 10: 432-463

Hunziker, E.B. Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress of the current status and prospects (2001) . Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 10: 432-463

Minas, Tom. Autologous chrondrocyte implantation for full thickness cartilage defects of the knee . Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cartilage Repair Center .

Nehrer, Stefan, Myron Spector and Tom Minas. Histologic analysis of tissue after failed cartilage repair rocedures (1999). Clinical Orthopedics . 365: 149-162.

Perkins, Dave. Personal interview. April 28, 2006 .

Peterson et al. Chondrocyte transplantation: An experimental model in the rabbit (1984) . Trans Orthop Res. Soc. 9: 218.

Shortkroff et al. Healing of chondral and osteochondral defects in a canine model: the role of cultured chondrocytes in regeneration of articular cartilage (1996) . Biomaterials . 17: 147-154.

Smith AV. Survival of frozen chondrocytes isolated from cartilage of adult mammals (1965). Nature 205: 782-784.

Waller, Craig. “Recent Advances in Knee Surgery.” <http://www.csdgp.com.au/CPD%20presentations/Recent%20Advances%20in%20Knee%20Surgery.ppt#265,10,Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) History>. April 19, 2006 .

Joint Replacement

“Minimally Invasive Total Knee Replacement.” American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org. February 2005.

Lysaght, Michael. “Replacement of Load-Bearing Joints with Man-Made Devices.” BI 108 Lecture Slides. 15 March 2006 .

“Osteometry and Unicompartmental Knee Arthoplasty.” American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://www.orthoinfo.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=263&topcategory=Joint%20Replacement . February 2001.

“Total Knee Replacement.” American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=513&topcategory=Knee . January 2006.

“Rotating Platform Knees.” DuPuy Orthopaedics, Inc. http://www.jointreplacement.com/xq/ASP.default/pg.content/content_id.388/mn./joint_id./joint_nm./tp.search/qx/default.htm. 2006.

Buechel, F.F.: et al. “Twenty-Year Evaluation of Meniscal Bearing and Rotating Platform Knee Replacements.” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, July 2001, pp. 41-50.

Sorrells, R.B., et al. “The Rotating Platform Mobile Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty.” Surgical Technology International IX, San Francisco , 2000.

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